Combine: addition to multiplication
Each addition term is one whole group.
3 groups4 in each groupTotal 12
+ + = 12
3 × 4 = 12
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2×4=8; add one more group (+4) to get 3×4=12.
Split: subtraction to division
The same total can be split to answer different questions.
12 = 0
12 ÷ 4 = 3
12 makes 3 groups of 4.
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Fixed increase
3 × 4 = 12
This series increases by 4 each time.
1 × 4 = 4
↓ + 42 × 4 = 8
↓ + 43 × 4 = 12
↓ + 44 × 4 = 16
↓ + 45 × 4 = 20
↓ + 46 × 4 = 24
↓ + 47 × 4 = 28
↓ + 48 × 4 = 32
↓ + 49 × 4 = 36
Read upward: it decreases by the same amount:
This series increases by 4 each time.
3 × 4 = 12
4 + 4 + 4= 12
2 × 4 = 8+ 4
3 × 4 = 12+ 4
4 × 4 = 16− 4
Explain it another way
- 3 × 4 = 12
- 4 × 3 = 12
- 12 ÷ 3 = 4
- 12 ÷ 4 = 3